Linux常用快捷键
| 快捷键 | 说明 |
|---|---|
| Tab | 命令或路径补全 |
| Ctrl+a | 光标移动至行首 |
| Ctrl+e | 光标移动至行尾 |
| Ctrl+c | 终止当前命令或程序 |
| Ctrl+d | 退出当前用户环境 |
| Ctrl+u | 删除光标前的所有字符 |
| Ctrl+k | 删除光标后的所有字符 |
| Ctrl+d | 删除光标所在位置的字符 |
| Ctrl+w | 删除光标前的所有字符 |
| Ctrl+y | 粘贴由Ctrl+u,Ctrl+d,Ctrl+w删除的字符 |
| Ctrl+b | 向光标前移动 |
| Ctrl+f | 向光标后移动 |
| Ctrl+Shift+c | 复制 |
| Ctrl+Shift+v | 粘贴 |
| Ctrl+l | 清屏 |
符号说明
| 符号 | 说明 |
|---|---|
| > | 箭头的方向就是数据的流向 |
- 把文件内容清空，把要加的内容加到文件结尾
<span class="line">1</span> <span class="line">2</span> <span class="line">3</span> <span class="line">4</span> <span class="line">5</span> <span class="line">6</span> |
<span class="line">[root@ansheng ~]<span class="comment"># cat hosts </span></span> <span class="line">127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4</span> <span class="line">::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6</span> <span class="line">[root@ansheng ~]<span class="comment"># echo "asdsdgxc" > hosts </span></span> <span class="line">[root@ansheng ~]<span class="comment"># cat hosts </span></span> <span class="line">asdsdgxc</span> |
| 符号 | 说明 |
|---|---|
| >> | 追加重定向 |
- 把内容追加到文件结尾
<span class="line">1</span> <span class="line">2</span> <span class="line">3</span> <span class="line">4</span> <span class="line">5</span> <span class="line">6</span> |
<span class="line">[root@ansheng ~]<span class="comment"># cat hosts </span></span> <span class="line">asdsdgxc</span> <span class="line">[root@ansheng ~]<span class="comment"># echo "abce12345" >> hosts </span></span> <span class="line">[root@ansheng ~]<span class="comment"># cat hosts </span></span> <span class="line">asdsdgxc</span> <span class="line">abce12345</span> |
标准输出（正常输出） 1（默认就是1）
<span class="line">1</span>
<span class="line">2</span>
<span class="line">3</span>
<span class="line">4</span>
<span class="line">5</span>
<span class="line">6</span>
7
|
<span class="line">[root@ansheng ~]<span class="comment"># ls</span></span> <span class="line">[root@ansheng ~]<span class="comment"># echo "filename" >a.txt</span></span> <span class="line">[root@ansheng ~]<span class="comment"># cat a.txt </span></span> <span class="line">filename</span> <span class="line">[root@ansheng ~]<span class="comment"># echo "filename" 1>2.txt</span></span> <span class="line">[root@ansheng ~]<span class="comment"># cat a.txt </span></span> <span class="line">filename</span> |
错误输出（执行结果报错） 2
<span class="line">1</span> <span class="line">2</span> <span class="line">3</span> <span class="line">4</span> <span class="line">5</span> <span class="line">6</span> 7 8 9 10 11 |
<span class="line">[root@ansheng ~]<span class="comment"># cat ett.txt </span></span> <span class="line">-bash: sdgdfhfgfdgaas3: <span class="built_in">command</span> not found</span> <span class="line">[root@ansheng ~]<span class="comment"># asdsdfgdsfas 2>a.txt 1>b.txt</span></span> <span class="line">[root@ansheng ~]<span class="comment"># cat a.txt </span></span> <span class="line">-bash: asdsdfgdsfas: <span class="built_in">command</span> not found</span> <span class="line">[root@ansheng ~]<span class="comment"># cat b.txt </span></span> <span class="line">[root@ansheng ~]<span class="comment">#</span></span> <span class="line">[root@ansheng ~]<span class="comment"># echo "asdsdfgdsfas" 2>a.txt 1>b.txt</span></span> <span class="line">[root@ansheng ~]<span class="comment"># cat a.txt </span></span> <span class="line">[root@ansheng ~]<span class="comment"># cat b.txt </span></span> <span class="line">asdsdfgdsfas</span> |
标准输入 0 三种特殊写法举例：
<span class="line">1</span> <span class="line">2</span> <span class="line">3</span> <span class="line">4</span> <span class="line">5</span> <span class="line">6</span> 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 |
<span class="line">[ansheng@ansheng ~]$ <span class="built_in">echo</span> ansheng 2>log.txt 1>log.txt </span> <span class="line">[ansheng@ansheng ~]$ cat log.txt </span> <span class="line">ansheng</span> <span class="line">[ansheng@ansheng ~]$ <span class="built_in">echo</span>1 ansheng 2>log.txt 1>log.txt</span> <span class="line">[ansheng@ansheng ~]$ cat log.txt </span> <span class="line">-bash: <span class="built_in">echo</span>1: <span class="built_in">command</span> not found</span> <span class="line">[ansheng@ansheng ~]$ <span class="built_in">echo</span>1 ansheng >log.txt 2>&1 </span> <span class="line">[ansheng@ansheng ~]$ cat log.txt </span> <span class="line">-bash: <span class="built_in">echo</span>1: <span class="built_in">command</span> not found</span> <span class="line">[ansheng@ansheng ~]$ <span class="built_in">echo</span> ansheng >log.txt 2>&1 </span> <span class="line">[ansheng@ansheng ~]$ cat log.txt </span> <span class="line">ansheng</span> <span class="line">[ansheng@ansheng ~]$ <span class="built_in">echo</span> ansheng &>log.txt</span> <span class="line">[ansheng@ansheng ~]$ cat log.txt </span> <span class="line">ansheng</span> <span class="line">[ansheng@ansheng ~]$ <span class="built_in">echo</span>1 ansheng &>log.txt </span> <span class="line">[ansheng@ansheng ~]$ cat log.txt </span> <span class="line">-bash: <span class="built_in">echo</span>1: <span class="built_in">command</span> not found</span> |
| 符号 | 说明 |
|---|---|
| . | 绝对路径,以根开始的就是相对路径列如/etc/yum.repo.d/ |
| .. | 相对路径，以根开始的都是相对路径，..上一层目录,列如ansheng/linux/ |
\ |
管道符，把前面命令正确的执行结果丢给后面继续执行说 |
<span class="line">1</span> <span class="line">2</span> <span class="line">3</span> <span class="line">4</span> <span class="line">5</span> <span class="line">6</span> 7 8 |
<span class="line">[root@ansheng ~]<span class="comment"># find ./ -type f|xargs ls -l</span></span> <span class="line">-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 9 12月 30 22:00 ./2.txt</span> <span class="line">-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 9 12月 30 21:59 ./a.txt</span> <span class="line">-rw-------. 1 root root 7340 12月 30 21:52 ./.bash_<span class="built_in">history</span></span> <span class="line">-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 176 12月 27 21:10 ./.bash_profile</span> <span class="line">-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 124 12月 27 21:10 ./.bashrc</span> <span class="line">-rw-------. 1 root root 39 12月 30 15:17 ./.lesshst</span> <span class="line">-rw-------. 1 root root 4490 12月 30 18:08 ./.viminfo</span> |
| 符号 | 说明 |
|---|---|
| ; | 命令分隔符： |
<span class="line">1</span> <span class="line">2</span> <span class="line">3</span> <span class="line">4</span> <span class="line">5</span> |
<span class="line">[root@ansheng ~]<span class="comment"># ls -l;pwd</span></span> <span class="line">总用量 8</span> <span class="line">-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 9 12月 30 22:00 2.txt</span> <span class="line">-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 9 12月 30 21:59 a.txt</span> <span class="line">/root</span> |
| 符号 | 说明 |
|---|---|
| ~ | 用户家目录： |
<span class="line">1</span> <span class="line">2</span> <span class="line">3</span> <span class="line">4</span> <span class="line">5</span> |
<span class="line">[root@ansheng yum.repos.d]<span class="comment"># pwd</span></span> <span class="line">/etc/yum.repos.d</span> <span class="line">[root@ansheng yum.repos.d]<span class="comment"># cd ~</span></span> <span class="line">[root@ansheng ~]<span class="comment"># pwd</span></span> <span class="line">/root</span> |
| 符号 | 说明 |
|---|---|
| {} | 字符或数字序列 |
<span class="line">1</span> <span class="line">2</span> <span class="line">3</span> <span class="line">4</span> <span class="line">5</span> <span class="line">6</span> 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 |
<span class="line">[root@ansheng ~]<span class="comment"># echo {1..10}</span></span>
<span class="line">1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10</span>
<span class="line">···</span>
<span class="line">|符号|说明|</span>
<span class="line">|:--|:--|</span>
<span class="line">|-|返回上一级所在目录|</span>
<span class="line">```bash</span>
<span class="line">[root@ansheng ~]<span class="comment"># pwd</span></span>
<span class="line">/root</span>
<span class="line">[root@ansheng ~]<span class="comment"># cd /etc/yum.repos.d/</span></span>
<span class="line">[root@ansheng yum.repos.d]<span class="comment"># pwd</span></span>
<span class="line">/etc/yum.repos.d</span>
<span class="line">[root@ansheng yum.repos.d]<span class="comment"># cd -</span></span>
<span class="line">/root</span>
<span class="line">[root@ansheng ~]<span class="comment"># pwd</span></span>
<span class="line">/root</span>
|
| 符号 | 说明 |
|---|---|
| \ | 转义字符，让有意义的字符，脱掉它代表的意义。例如：正则里$表示以…结尾，可以用\$表示$符号本身。 |
<span class="line">1</span> <span class="line">2</span> <span class="line">3</span> <span class="line">4</span> <span class="line">5</span> <span class="line">6</span> |
<span class="line">[root@ansheng ~]<span class="comment"># cat ett </span></span> <span class="line">./redhat@$</span> <span class="line">[root@ansheng ~]<span class="comment"># sed 's/./redhat@$/./linux/g' ett </span></span> <span class="line">sed：<span class="_">-e</span> 表达式 <span class="comment">#1，字符 14：“s”的未知选项</span></span> <span class="line">[root@ansheng ~]<span class="comment"># sed 's/\.\/redhat\@\$/\.\/linux/g' ett </span></span> <span class="line">./linux</span> |
